class ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter
The PostgreSQL adapter works with the native C (bitbucket.org/ged/ruby-pg) driver.
Options:
-
:host
- Defaults to a Unix-domain socket in /tmp. On machines without Unix-domain sockets, the default is to connect to localhost. -
:port
- Defaults to 5432. -
:username
- Defaults to be the same as the operating system name of the user running the application. -
:password
- Password to be used if the server demands password authentication. -
:database
- Defaults to be the same as the user name. -
:schema_search_path
- An optional schema search path for the connection given as a string of comma-separated schema names. This is backward-compatible with the:schema_order
option. -
:encoding
- An optional client encoding that is used in aSET client_encoding TO <encoding>
call on the connection. -
:min_messages
- An optional client min messages that is used in aSET client_min_messages TO <min_messages>
call on the connection. -
:variables
- An optional hash of additional parameters that will be used inSET SESSION key = val
calls on the connection. -
:insert_returning
- An optional boolean to control the use ofRETURNING
forINSERT
statements defaults to true.
Any further options are used as connection parameters to libpq. See www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-connect.html for the list of parameters.
In addition, default connection parameters of libpq can be set per environment variables. See www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-envars.html .
Constants
- ADAPTER_NAME
- CACHED_PLAN_HEURISTIC
Annoyingly, the code for prepared statements whose return value may have changed is FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
This covers various different error types so we need to do additional work to classify the exception definitively as a ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementCacheExpired
Check here for more details: git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=blob;f=src/backend/utils/cache/plancache.c#l573
- DEADLOCK_DETECTED
- FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION
- LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE
- NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES
- NOT_NULL_VIOLATION
- NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE
- QUERY_CANCELED
- SERIALIZATION_FAILURE
- UNIQUE_VIOLATION
- VALUE_LIMIT_VIOLATION
See www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/errcodes-appendix.html
Public Class Methods
PostgreSQL allows the creation of “unlogged” tables, which do not record data in the PostgreSQL Write-Ahead Log. This can make the tables faster, but significantly increases the risk of data loss if the database crashes. As a result, this should not be used in production environments. If you would like all created tables to be unlogged in the test environment you can add the following line to your test.rb file:
ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.create_unlogged_tables = true
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 98 class_attribute :create_unlogged_tables, default: false
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 261 def self.database_exists?(config) !!ActiveRecord::Base.postgresql_connection(config) rescue ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError false end
Initializes and connects a PostgreSQL adapter.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 242 def initialize(connection, logger, connection_parameters, config) super(connection, logger, config) @connection_parameters = connection_parameters # @local_tz is initialized as nil to avoid warnings when connect tries to use it @local_tz = nil @max_identifier_length = nil configure_connection add_pg_encoders add_pg_decoders @type_map = Type::HashLookupTypeMap.new initialize_type_map @local_tz = execute("SHOW TIME ZONE", "SCHEMA").first["TimeZone"] @use_insert_returning = @config.key?(:insert_returning) ? self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(@config[:insert_returning]) : true end
Public Instance Methods
Is this connection alive and ready for queries?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 268 def active? @lock.synchronize do @connection.query "SELECT 1" end true rescue PG::Error false end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 391 def disable_extension(name) exec_query("DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS \"#{name}\" CASCADE").tap { reload_type_map } end
Disconnects from the database if already connected. Otherwise, this method does nothing.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 302 def disconnect! @lock.synchronize do super @connection.close rescue nil end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 385 def enable_extension(name) exec_query("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS \"#{name}\"").tap { reload_type_map } end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 397 def extension_available?(name) query_value("SELECT true FROM pg_available_extensions WHERE name = #{quote(name)}", "SCHEMA") end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 401 def extension_enabled?(name) query_value("SELECT installed_version IS NOT NULL FROM pg_available_extensions WHERE name = #{quote(name)}", "SCHEMA") end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 405 def extensions exec_query("SELECT extname FROM pg_extension", "SCHEMA").cast_values end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 209 def index_algorithms { concurrently: "CONCURRENTLY" } end
Returns the configured supported identifier length supported by PostgreSQL
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 410 def max_identifier_length @max_identifier_length ||= query_value("SHOW max_identifier_length", "SCHEMA").to_i end
Close then reopen the connection.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 278 def reconnect! @lock.synchronize do super @connection.reset configure_connection rescue PG::ConnectionBad connect end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 288 def reset! @lock.synchronize do clear_cache! reset_transaction unless @connection.transaction_status == ::PG::PQTRANS_IDLE @connection.query "ROLLBACK" end @connection.query "DISCARD ALL" configure_connection end end
Set the authorized user for this session
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 415 def session_auth=(user) clear_cache! execute("SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION #{user}") end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 319 def set_standard_conforming_strings execute("SET standard_conforming_strings = on", "SCHEMA") end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 327 def supports_advisory_locks? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 150 def supports_bulk_alter? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 190 def supports_comments? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 363 def supports_common_table_expressions? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 182 def supports_datetime_with_precision? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 323 def supports_ddl_transactions? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 331 def supports_explain? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 162 def supports_expression_index? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 335 def supports_extensions? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 170 def supports_foreign_keys? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 348 def supports_foreign_tables? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 154 def supports_index_sort_order? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 202 def supports_insert_on_conflict? database_version >= 90500 end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 198 def supports_insert_returning? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 186 def supports_json? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 367 def supports_lazy_transactions? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 344 def supports_materialized_views? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 356 def supports_optimizer_hints? unless defined?(@has_pg_hint_plan) @has_pg_hint_plan = extension_available?("pg_hint_plan") end @has_pg_hint_plan end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 158 def supports_partial_index? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 352 def supports_pgcrypto_uuid? database_version >= 90400 end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 339 def supports_ranges? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 194 def supports_savepoints? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 166 def supports_transaction_isolation? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 174 def supports_validate_constraints? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 178 def supports_views? true end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 420 def use_insert_returning? @use_insert_returning end
Private Instance Methods
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 885 def add_pg_decoders @default_timezone = nil @timestamp_decoder = nil coders_by_name = { "int2" => PG::TextDecoder::Integer, "int4" => PG::TextDecoder::Integer, "int8" => PG::TextDecoder::Integer, "oid" => PG::TextDecoder::Integer, "float4" => PG::TextDecoder::Float, "float8" => PG::TextDecoder::Float, "bool" => PG::TextDecoder::Boolean, } if defined?(PG::TextDecoder::TimestampUtc) # Use native PG encoders available since pg-1.1 coders_by_name["timestamp"] = PG::TextDecoder::TimestampUtc coders_by_name["timestamptz"] = PG::TextDecoder::TimestampWithTimeZone end known_coder_types = coders_by_name.keys.map { |n| quote(n) } query = <<~SQL % known_coder_types.join(", ") SELECT t.oid, t.typname FROM pg_type as t WHERE t.typname IN (%s) SQL coders = execute_and_clear(query, "SCHEMA", []) do |result| result .map { |row| construct_coder(row, coders_by_name[row["typname"]]) } .compact end map = PG::TypeMapByOid.new coders.each { |coder| map.add_coder(coder) } @connection.type_map_for_results = map # extract timestamp decoder for use in update_typemap_for_default_timezone @timestamp_decoder = coders.find { |coder| coder.name == "timestamp" } update_typemap_for_default_timezone end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 865 def add_pg_encoders map = PG::TypeMapByClass.new map[Integer] = PG::TextEncoder::Integer.new map[TrueClass] = PG::TextEncoder::Boolean.new map[FalseClass] = PG::TextEncoder::Boolean.new @connection.type_map_for_queries = map end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 835 def arel_visitor Arel::Visitors::PostgreSQL.new(self) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 839 def build_statement_pool StatementPool.new(@connection, self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:statement_limit])) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 843 def can_perform_case_insensitive_comparison_for?(column) @case_insensitive_cache ||= {} @case_insensitive_cache[column.sql_type] ||= begin sql = <<~SQL SELECT exists( SELECT * FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'lower' AND proargtypes = ARRAY[#{quote column.sql_type}::regtype]::oidvector ) OR exists( SELECT * FROM pg_proc INNER JOIN pg_cast ON ARRAY[casttarget]::oidvector = proargtypes WHERE proname = 'lower' AND castsource = #{quote column.sql_type}::regtype ) SQL execute_and_clear(sql, "SCHEMA", []) do |result| result.getvalue(0, 0) end end end
Returns the list of a table's column names, data types, and default values.
The underlying query is roughly:
SELECT column.name, column.type, default.value, column.comment FROM column LEFT JOIN default ON column.table_id = default.table_id AND column.num = default.column_num WHERE column.table_id = get_table_id('table_name') AND column.num > 0 AND NOT column.is_dropped ORDER BY column.num
If the table name is not prefixed with a schema, the database will take the first match from the schema search path.
Query implementation notes:
- format_type includes the column size constraint, e.g. varchar(50) - ::regclass is a function that gives the id for a table name
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 815 def column_definitions(table_name) query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA") SELECT a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod), pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), a.attnotnull, a.atttypid, a.atttypmod, c.collname, col_description(a.attrelid, a.attnum) AS comment FROM pg_attribute a LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND a.attnum = d.adnum LEFT JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid LEFT JOIN pg_collation c ON a.attcollation = c.oid AND a.attcollation <> t.typcollation WHERE a.attrelid = #{quote(quote_table_name(table_name))}::regclass AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped ORDER BY a.attnum SQL end
Configures the encoding, verbosity, schema search path, and time zone of the connection. This is called by connect and should not be called manually.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 763 def configure_connection if @config[:encoding] @connection.set_client_encoding(@config[:encoding]) end self.client_min_messages = @config[:min_messages] || "warning" self.schema_search_path = @config[:schema_search_path] || @config[:schema_order] # Use standard-conforming strings so we don't have to do the E'...' dance. set_standard_conforming_strings variables = @config.fetch(:variables, {}).stringify_keys # If using Active Record's time zone support configure the connection to return # TIMESTAMP WITH ZONE types in UTC. unless variables["timezone"] if ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone == :utc variables["timezone"] = "UTC" elsif @local_tz variables["timezone"] = @local_tz end end # SET statements from :variables config hash # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-set.html variables.map do |k, v| if v == ":default" || v == :default # Sets the value to the global or compile default execute("SET SESSION #{k} TO DEFAULT", "SCHEMA") elsif !v.nil? execute("SET SESSION #{k} TO #{quote(v)}", "SCHEMA") end end end
Connects to a PostgreSQL server and sets up the adapter depending on the connected server's characteristics.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 754 def connect @connection = PG.connect(@connection_parameters) configure_connection add_pg_encoders add_pg_decoders end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 926 def construct_coder(row, coder_class) return unless coder_class coder_class.new(oid: row["oid"].to_i, name: row["typname"]) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 676 def exec_cache(sql, name, binds) materialize_transactions update_typemap_for_default_timezone stmt_key = prepare_statement(sql, binds) type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds) log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds, stmt_key) do ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do @connection.exec_prepared(stmt_key, type_casted_binds) end end rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid => e raise unless is_cached_plan_failure?(e) # Nothing we can do if we are in a transaction because all commands # will raise InFailedSQLTransaction if in_transaction? raise ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementCacheExpired.new(e.cause.message) else @lock.synchronize do # outside of transactions we can simply flush this query and retry @statements.delete sql_key(sql) end retry end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 661 def exec_no_cache(sql, name, binds) materialize_transactions # make sure we carry over any changes to ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone that have been # made since we established the connection update_typemap_for_default_timezone type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds) log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) do ActiveSupport::Dependencies.interlock.permit_concurrent_loads do @connection.exec_params(sql, type_casted_binds) end end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 644 def execute_and_clear(sql, name, binds, prepare: false) if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql) raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}" end if without_prepared_statement?(binds) result = exec_no_cache(sql, name, []) elsif !prepare result = exec_no_cache(sql, name, binds) else result = exec_cache(sql, name, binds) end ret = yield result result.clear ret end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 614 def extract_default_function(default_value, default) default if has_default_function?(default_value, default) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 830 def extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql) sql[/into\s("[A-Za-z0-9_."\[\]\s]+"|[A-Za-z0-9_."\[\]]+)\s*/im] $1.strip if $1 end
Extracts the value from a PostgreSQL column default definition.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 588 def extract_value_from_default(default) case default # Quoted types when /\A[\(B]?'(.*)'.*::"?([\w. ]+)"?(?:\[\])?\z/m # The default 'now'::date is CURRENT_DATE if $1 == "now" && $2 == "date" nil else $1.gsub("''", "'") end # Boolean types when "true", "false" default # Numeric types when /\A\(?(-?\d+(\.\d*)?)\)?(::bigint)?\z/ $1 # Object identifier types when /\A-?\d+\z/ $1 else # Anything else is blank, some user type, or some function # and we can't know the value of that, so return nil. nil end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 504 def get_oid_type(oid, fmod, column_name, sql_type = "") if !type_map.key?(oid) load_additional_types([oid]) end type_map.fetch(oid, fmod, sql_type) { warn "unknown OID #{oid}: failed to recognize type of '#{column_name}'. It will be treated as String." Type.default_value.tap do |cast_type| type_map.register_type(oid, cast_type) end } end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 618 def has_default_function?(default_value, default) !default_value && %r{\w+\(.*\)|\(.*\)::\w+|CURRENT_DATE|CURRENT_TIMESTAMP}.match?(default) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 722 def in_transaction? open_transactions > 0 end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 517 def initialize_type_map(m = type_map) m.register_type "int2", Type::Integer.new(limit: 2) m.register_type "int4", Type::Integer.new(limit: 4) m.register_type "int8", Type::Integer.new(limit: 8) m.register_type "oid", OID::Oid.new m.register_type "float4", Type::Float.new m.alias_type "float8", "float4" m.register_type "text", Type::Text.new register_class_with_limit m, "varchar", Type::String m.alias_type "char", "varchar" m.alias_type "name", "varchar" m.alias_type "bpchar", "varchar" m.register_type "bool", Type::Boolean.new register_class_with_limit m, "bit", OID::Bit register_class_with_limit m, "varbit", OID::BitVarying m.alias_type "timestamptz", "timestamp" m.register_type "date", OID::Date.new m.register_type "money", OID::Money.new m.register_type "bytea", OID::Bytea.new m.register_type "point", OID::Point.new m.register_type "hstore", OID::Hstore.new m.register_type "json", Type::Json.new m.register_type "jsonb", OID::Jsonb.new m.register_type "cidr", OID::Cidr.new m.register_type "inet", OID::Inet.new m.register_type "uuid", OID::Uuid.new m.register_type "xml", OID::Xml.new m.register_type "tsvector", OID::SpecializedString.new(:tsvector) m.register_type "macaddr", OID::SpecializedString.new(:macaddr) m.register_type "citext", OID::SpecializedString.new(:citext) m.register_type "ltree", OID::SpecializedString.new(:ltree) m.register_type "line", OID::SpecializedString.new(:line) m.register_type "lseg", OID::SpecializedString.new(:lseg) m.register_type "box", OID::SpecializedString.new(:box) m.register_type "path", OID::SpecializedString.new(:path) m.register_type "polygon", OID::SpecializedString.new(:polygon) m.register_type "circle", OID::SpecializedString.new(:circle) m.register_type "interval" do |_, _, sql_type| precision = extract_precision(sql_type) OID::SpecializedString.new(:interval, precision: precision) end register_class_with_precision m, "time", Type::Time register_class_with_precision m, "timestamp", OID::DateTime m.register_type "numeric" do |_, fmod, sql_type| precision = extract_precision(sql_type) scale = extract_scale(sql_type) # The type for the numeric depends on the width of the field, # so we'll do something special here. # # When dealing with decimal columns: # # places after decimal = fmod - 4 & 0xffff # places before decimal = (fmod - 4) >> 16 & 0xffff if fmod && (fmod - 4 & 0xffff).zero? # FIXME: Remove this class, and the second argument to # lookups on PG Type::DecimalWithoutScale.new(precision: precision) else OID::Decimal.new(precision: precision, scale: scale) end end load_additional_types end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 714 def is_cached_plan_failure?(e) pgerror = e.cause code = pgerror.result.result_error_field(PG::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE) code == FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED && pgerror.message.include?(CACHED_PLAN_HEURISTIC) rescue false end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 622 def load_additional_types(oids = nil) initializer = OID::TypeMapInitializer.new(type_map) query = <<~SQL SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typelem, t.typdelim, t.typinput, r.rngsubtype, t.typtype, t.typbasetype FROM pg_type as t LEFT JOIN pg_range as r ON oid = rngtypid SQL if oids query += "WHERE t.oid::integer IN (%s)" % oids.join(", ") else query += initializer.query_conditions_for_initial_load end execute_and_clear(query, "SCHEMA", []) do |records| initializer.run(records) end end
Prepare the statement if it hasn't been prepared, return the statement key.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 734 def prepare_statement(sql, binds) @lock.synchronize do sql_key = sql_key(sql) unless @statements.key? sql_key nextkey = @statements.next_key begin @connection.prepare nextkey, sql rescue => e raise translate_exception_class(e, sql, binds) end # Clear the queue @connection.get_last_result @statements[sql_key] = nextkey end @statements[sql_key] end end
Returns the statement identifier for the client side cache of statements
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 728 def sql_key(sql) "#{schema_search_path}-#{sql}" end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 477 def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:) return exception unless exception.respond_to?(:result) case exception.result.try(:error_field, PG::PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE) when UNIQUE_VIOLATION RecordNotUnique.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION InvalidForeignKey.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when VALUE_LIMIT_VIOLATION ValueTooLong.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE RangeError.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when NOT_NULL_VIOLATION NotNullViolation.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when SERIALIZATION_FAILURE SerializationFailure.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when DEADLOCK_DETECTED Deadlocked.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE LockWaitTimeout.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) when QUERY_CANCELED QueryCanceled.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds) else super end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 873 def update_typemap_for_default_timezone if @default_timezone != ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone && @timestamp_decoder decoder_class = ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone == :utc ? PG::TextDecoder::TimestampUtc : PG::TextDecoder::TimestampWithoutTimeZone @timestamp_decoder = decoder_class.new(@timestamp_decoder.to_h) @connection.type_map_for_results.add_coder(@timestamp_decoder) @default_timezone = ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone end end